Introduction Stephen Toulmin, an English philosopher, developed a practical approach to analyzing the logic of everyday arguments. His approach involves identifying and separating the various components of an argument into a specific order so that they may be appraised. The model and specific vocabulary that Toulmin employs will be elaborated as required. Claims In its most simple form an argument consists of a claim (C) , which is the conclusion to be established by the argument. We have already seen that arguments consisting of only a claim or conclusion are Level 1 arguments. Examples would include: · Vitamins are good for you. · Breast self-examination saves lives. · Mrs. Smith should take hydrochlorothiazide. These claims, on their own, lack any reasoned support to determine whether they are true or false despite the fact that they may be true or false. More is required to establish this. Data As arguments are intended to persuade you on the truth or probability of some matte...
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